Figure 1: Chinese Lending to Middle–Income Countries: Net Bilateral Debt Flows, 2012–2022 (billions of USD)
$0
$5
$10
$15
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
$10
$14
$11
$8
$10
$17
$16
$3
$2
$4
−$2