The likelihood of voting UCP in this model is in relation to a reference category for age and previous vote. For example, the reference group for the age categories is voters who are 18-29; for previous vote, it is people who did not vote in 2019; and for education, the reference is people with college or trade school training. Estimates for ideology, leader evaluations, and most-important issues in this model estimate the difference in likelihood between respondents with minimal and maximum scores in each category.