TABLE 1

Share of Texas Teacher Enrollment and Completion by EPP Type (2013–2019)

*While some research on Texas’ initial teacher certification pathways includes post-baccalaureate degree-granting EPPs that lead to an initial Standard certificate under a “Traditional” label, the authors of this research included those under the “Not-for-profit Alternative” label.
Source: New America analysis of data from Table A3, Christa Deneault and Evan Riehl, “Should States Reduce Teacher Licensing Requirements?”, NBER working paper (2025).