A column chart showing the annual startup royalties from 2019 to 2023 for three North Carolina colleges: Duke, UNC, and N.C. State. Duke consistently earned the most, with a steady increase each year, peaking at $102.5 million in 2023. UNC had a significant increase in 2021, but otherwise remained relatively stable. N.C. State consistently earned the least, with minor fluctuations over the years.