Figure 2

Per capita welfare consumption of major programs by nativity, race, and ethnicity, 2023

Use of major welfare programs by race and immigration status

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Sources: 2024 Survey of Income Program Participation; American Community Survey; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Social Security Administration; Department of Agriculture; Department of Health and Human Services.
Notes: SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; SSB = Social Security benefits. Supplemental Security Income; Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children were excluded because not all results from those programs were statistically significant.