Potential impact of 'conditional middle' on EU climate policies

The average proportion of respondents across European countries who support each of the 15 policies (in green) plus the proportion of respondents belonging to the 'conditional middle' who responded ‘neutral’ to each policy (in yellow).

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95% confidence intervals not shown on graphic; EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM); FF: fossil fuels; ETS: Emissions Trading System.

Chart: pturSource: Smith, E.K., Mlakar, Ž., Levis, A. et al. Climate policy feasibility across Europe relies on the conditional middle. Nat. Clim. Chang. (2026)Get the data