Figure D: Four states have limited worker power since 2012

States by "right-to-work" status and year of implementation

The four recent "switcher" states became RTW in 2012 (Indiana), 2015 (Wisconsin), 2016 (West Virginia), and 2017 (Kentucky). Michigan enacted RTW in 2013, then in 2023 became the first state in nearly 60 years to repeal a RTW law. This change took effect February 13, 2024. Missouri's legislature passed a RTW law in 2017, but voters overwhelmingly rejected the measure in a 2018 statewide referendum before the law took effect.
Source: Author's analysis of "Right-to-Work States," National Conference of State Legislatures.Get the data