Exhibit 4: During extreme events, western states share power to keep the lights on.

Net electricity imports and exports for major utilities in each western state during their 2024 peak hour. Utilities may serve multiple states beyond those listed, as utility boundaries do not align with state boundaries.

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Utilities may own or contract generation outside of their footprint. As a result, even when a utility imports energy, it may still own the generation source.

Chart: RMI Graphic.Source: EIA-930 data.