Figure 2. Evolution of European FDI (stock) position with China and the US, % of total, 2017-22

FDI stock positions with China and the US are shown as shares of total FDI. Change (%) refers to the variation in this share over the period. Total FDI difference (pp) shows the combined change in inward and outward FDI, in percentage points. CN–US difference (pp) reflects the 2022 gap between FDI with China and the US (2021 for the UK, Germany, Romania; 2020 for the Netherlands).

Due to data unavailability for some countries, the reference period varies: for Germany and Romania, data covers 2017–2021; for the UK 2018-2021; for Ireland 2018-2022; for Denmark, 2020–2022; and for the Netherlands, 2017–2020. Data on China does not include Hong Kong for Romania, Portugal, Lithuania and Slovakia. OECD (BMD4), data retrieved Oct–Nov 2024. % was calculated based on FDI positions (total) in USD, all economic activities, for the period 2017–2022. Data on China include Hong Kong. For Bulgaria, Romania, and the EU aggregate, source: Eurostat (BPM6), with SPEs excluded. % was calculated based on the net inward and outward FDI positions in EUR, based on immediate counterpart, across all FDI activities.
Chart: Elcano Royal InstituteSource: OECD and Eurostat