Celebrity Deepfakes, by Occupation and Gender

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Source: Loti, May 2025; note: public figures selected for an index of individuals who appeared in news reporting as victims of nonconsensual deepfakes (AI-generated or manipulated images and video), designed to be representative of each occupation based on IMDb popularity rating; politicians selected to be representative of bipartisan and centrist affiliations (n=45; female=21; male=24; actors=16; athletes=6; business figures=4; internet personalities=6; musicians=9; politicians=4); NCII refers to nonconsensual intimate imagery